American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.
In its opinion, the court mentions the Journal of Catalysis. Catalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction to the presence of a catalyst. Understanding chemical reactions is only one of the many sciences used to explore for oil. Geology is especially important, and petroleum geology is a very specialized field.
Many scientists have grown concerned over the restrictive use of copyrights by academic publishers. In October 2000, a group of researchers began the Public Library of Science, a collection of academic journals that are freely available to view, store and copy by anyone.
In contrast, the Copyright Clearance Center system is designed for the payment of use rights for academic papers. The court suggests that as the CCC or other, similar operations are established to make paying for copyrights more efficient, the fair use defense will shrink.